Notes on Contemporary Issues in Political Geography (India & NEI)

 Students, The topic of Migration in North East India has been widely discussed and many books and articles have come up on this issue. A collection of some of the articles are included in this folder. Download all the files and read them.

STUDENTS, On the topic of Underdevelopment and growth of Extremism, first you must get an overview of the Insurgent groups in North East India. Read this Wikipedia article on it DOWNLOAD    After this read this paper by Mohammed Taher'sir, from one of his popular book on North EAst India. Here he gives an outline of the role of Ethnicity & Insurgency. He traces the origin of Insurgent groups in various states of NE India. DOWNLOAD          Finally this specific paper is written by the authors P. R. Bhattacharjee & Purusottam Nayak (North Eastern Hill University) which makes an assessment of the nexus between insurgency and underdevelopment in North East India. To achieve this end first various dimensions of insurgencies towards achievement of different goals in different states in the region are narrated. The impact of insurgency on infrastructure, industry including petroleum and tea, and environment are then analyzed.     ...

  Students, this is a note on your syllabus topic of North East India, as a hub of Regional Cooperation. DOWNLOAD Also see this enlarged map of the Border trade Station-called LCS or Land Custom Station. Land Custom Station Map

Students, These are some Maps of the Continents of the World , which will help you in your studies as well as in preparing the project report. 1) AUSTRALIA (Including Oceania) 2) EUROPE (Including UK& France) 3) ASIA (INCLUDING SAARC COUNTRIES) 4) AFRICA 5) SOUTH AMERICA 6) NORTH AMERICA

Students, The following are some of the Maps of the Continents of the World and of India- which will assist you in your project as well as other academic purposes. THE WORLD (PHYSICAL) 1) ASIA (ECONOMY) 2) EUROPE (ECONOMY) 3) AFRICA (ECONOMY) 4) NORTH AMERICA (ECONOMY) 5) SOUTH AMERICA (ECONOMY) 6) INDIA-PHYSICAL 7) INDIA-POLITICAL 8) INDIA-LINGUISTIC

 Students, here are some videos on India since Independence, compiled from Youtube. Download all the videos from the folder to your PC/Laptop/Mobile and watch them. Open Folder

 Students, this article gives a comprehensive view on the Border disputes in North East India. You will have to identfy the places of disputes and draw them in your answers. Border Disputes in North-Eastern India Shakeel Anwar Border areas have their own problems and peculiarities and more often vulnerable to illegal infiltration of population, which adds pressure on their economic and environmental resources. The North-East region of India comprises of eight states, namely Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Tripura and Sikkim. The region is known for a multitude of conflicts that undermines the idea of India as a prosperous and a functioning democracy. In this article, we have discussed on the problems and peculiarities on the border disputes in North-Eastern India which help the reader to understand the geopolitical problems in North East India. Border areas have their own problems and peculiarities and more often vulnerable to illegal inf...

 Sudents, This is a good essay on the complex nature of Election process in India. It is an essential read to understand the various dynamics that are inherent in the elections processes in India. Elections in India- A Melting pot of various Dynamics

THE FOLLOWING ARE TWO IMPORTANT ARTICLES ON AUTONOMOUS COUNCILS IN ASSAM.  A brief history of Autonomous District Councils in North East India Autonomous Councils of Assam- A brief summary

The following is the copy of the Sixth Schedule as enshrined in the Constitution of India. This is the first step to understand the entire structure and system of Autonomous councils in North East India, SIXTH SCHEDULE For the latest (2020) information see CONSTITUTION OF INDIA (UPTO 9th SEPT 2020) (SOURCE:https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI.pdf)

Written by Dr Joy Shankar Hazarika, this essay traces the complex history of state formation in North East India. It begins by a discussion on the Geo-Ethnic Base of Assam (undivided) and the Social Formation phases in the region,pursued first by the Britishers and later by the mainland India, and finally throws a important map on the process of "BALKANISATION OF ASSAM". DOWNLOAD

In this very broad spectrum essay, the doyen of Geography in North East Inia, late Dr MOHAMMED TAHER gives a comprehensive account of the ethnic complexities of the region. This paper appeared in NORTH EASTERN GEOGRAPHER JOURNAL,VOL28,1997 This serves as a basic text to understanding North east India's ethnic base  DOWNLOAD

Forging peace in Nagaland ::::: Why in News ::: The discussion has been running on finalisation of Naga Peace Accord and it is expected to be signed ahead of the Monsoon Session this year(2019). Peace negotiations have been going on between the Issak-Muivah faction of the National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN-IM) and the interlocutor of the government. Naga Peace Accord ::: 1. To put a full stop to the country’s oldest insurgency, the central government and Naga armed groups have finalised much of the peace accord. 2. The Peace accord will address issues like : Autonomous Naga territorial councils for Arunachal and Manipur, Common cultural body for Nagas across states,  Integration and rehab of non-state Naga militia, Removal of Armed Forces (Special Powers) Acts (AFSPA) and bicameral House in Nagaland. 3. Once the accord is ready, the Naga armed groups will stand disbanded and the non-state armed militia who are eligible will be absorbed in central or state fo...

The International North–South Transport Corridor (INSTC or NSTC) is a 7,200-km-long multi-mode network of ship, rail, and road route for moving freight between India, Iran, Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Russia, Central Asia and Europe.The route primarily involves moving freight from India, Iran, Azerbaijan and Russia via ship, rail and road.The objective of the corridor is to increase trade connectivity between major cities such as Mumbai, Moscow, Tehran, Baku, Bandar Abbas, Astrakhan, Bandar Anzali, etc.This will also synchronize with the Ashgabat agreement, a Multimodal transport agreement signed by India, Oman, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, for creating an international transport and transit corridor facilitating transportation of goods between Central Asia and the Persian Gulf. OBJECTIVES The primary objective of the NSTC project is to reduce costs in terms of time and money over the traditional route currently being used.Analysts predict by having i...

A new phase in INDO-US relations : The 2+2 DIALOGUE UPSWING IN INDO U.S. RELATIONS    Since the days of Indo-Pak War of 1971, the Indo-U.S. relations was at a very low ebb. It reached the nadir following India’s Pokhran II nuclear tests. In the last 20 years India has sought to develop closer relations with USA as a result of end of the cold war and the phenomenal rise of China. The following are some of the landmark events for improving India USA relations:  o  President Bill Clinton’s visit to India in March 2000. o  Twin tower attack on September 2001 and terrorist attacks against the Indian Parliament in December the same year precipitated a rapid thaw in overall relationship. o  President Bush waived the sanctions imposed on India due to nuclear tests. In 2002 USA and India concluded a General Security of Military Information Agreement (GSOMIA). GSOMIA facilitated opportunities for greater intelligence sharing between India and the United...

Chasing peace in Nagaland Mahendra L Kumawat AND ViNAY KAURA Indian Express January 19, 2019 Despite signing of historic Naga framework agreement 4 years back between the central government and the Naga groups led by National Socialist Council of Nagaland Isak-Muviah (NSCN-IM) long lasting peace remains elusive in the region. The peace framework remains a work in progress without a concrete shape and timeline making it nothing but a mere disappointment. Nagaland is called the epicentre of insurgency in north-eastern India running as deep as in the late 50s. History of Nagaland Insurgency The British annexed Assam in 1826, and in 1881, the Naga Hills too became part of British India. In 1946 Naga National Council (NNC) was formed under the leadership of  Angami Zapu Phizo . It declared Nagaland “an independent state” on August 14, 1947. On March 22, 1952, Phizo formed the underground Naga Federal Government (NFG) and the Naga Federal Army (NFA). The Government of ...

Business Standard Editorial T N NINAN (19 JANUARY 2019) East-South divergence

The NRC stands for the National Register of Citizens of India. In 1951 the newly-independent India had its first population census. The data collected in the census were kept with the National Register of Citizens (NRC). The NRC has not been updated since then. After prolonged litigations, in 2014 the Supreme Court came out with the judgment that the NRC should be updated. Foreigners who came to the state before 25th March 1971 and their progeny can register with the NRC. Since Independence till 1971, when Bangladesh was created, Assam witnessed large-scale migration from East Pakistan that became Bangladesh after the war. Soon after the war on a treaty for friendship, co-operation and peace was signed between India and Bangladesh. The migration of Bangladeshis into Assam continued. To bring this regular influx of immigrants to the notice of then government, the All Assam Students Union submitted a memorandum to Indira Gandhi in 1980 seeking her “urgent attenti...

Background :-   The three-language formula has its roots back in the year 1961 and it was implemented as a result of a consensus during the meeting of various CMs of the Indian states. The Three-Language Formula was supposed to be not a goal or a limiting factor in language acquisition, but rather a convenient launching pad for the exploration of the expanding horizon of knowledge and the emotional integration of the country. Three language policy :- According to the National Education Policy of 1968, the three-language formula means that a third language (apart from Hindi and English), which should belong to Modern India, should be used for education in Hindi-speaking states. In the states where Hindi is not the primary language, regional languages and English, along with Hindi shall be used. This   formula   was   altered   and   amended   by   Kothari   Commission   (1964–66)   so   as   to   accommodate...

Political Parties A political party is a group of people who share similar political views, come together to contest elections and try to hold power in the govt...... The members of the political parties agree on some policies & programmes for the society with a view to promote the collective good. Political parties that wish to contest local, state or national elections are required to be registered by the Election Commission of India (EC). Composition and Constitution of Political Parties:::::::: ______________________________________ A political party has 3 components:::: 1. The leaders..... 2. The active members.... and 3. The followers.... In modern political system, there are four types of political parties:::::: (i) Reactionary political parties, which believe in old political & socio-economic system.... (ii) Conservative political parties believe in maintaining status quo.... (iii) Liberal parties believe in reforming the existing system gradually.....